Phosphate glass
(1) What is an Er, Yb: phosphate glass?
The glass doped with Er and ytterbium ions is Er glass; Glasses doped with erbium, ytterbium, and chromium ions are also erbium glasses; the dual adhered crystal of erbium glass and also white glass is also erbium glass. The glass substrate in question is not common glass yet phosphate glass. This paper mainly introduces Er, Yb doped glass.
As an eye-safe wavelength laser, 1540um, Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass lasers have attracted much attention for their compactness and low cost。
Er3+, Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass (Er, Yb: phosphate glass) is a popular and normally used active tool for lasers creating in the “eye-safe” spooky collection of 1,5-1,6 µm.
(2) What is phosphate glass?
Phosphate glass is a glass product that primarily consists of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) as well as usually likewise includes various other chemical components. It can be made use of as a laser gain medium wholesale as well as fiber. Its primary benefit is its high compatibility with rare-earth ions (see rare-earth-doped gain media), such as Erbium (Er3+), ytterbium (Yb3+), and also neodymium (Nd3+) ions.
Simply put, the phosphate glass types can be doped with a high concentration of laser-active unusual planet ions without creating negative effects such as clustering, which will certainly create a quenching result as well as influence the efficiency of the laser. The doping focus in phosphate erbium-doped fiber is much higher than that in quartz fiber, and also it can boost by numerous percentage points. The high doping focus of phosphate enables brief fiber lasers as well as amplifiers, which are not the only benefits of the glass yet likewise include:
The brief fiber laser resonator can acquire a huge cost-free spectrum array, making it easier to attain a single-frequency procedure.
Dispersed responses lasers are short, whereas highly drugged phosphate fibers enable more effective pump absorption.
Ultrashort pulsed fiber lasers are much less prone to nonlinear effects if they make use of much shorter fibers.
(3) What’s the mechanism of erbium glass?
Phosphate glass integrates a long life time (~ 8 ms) of 4I13/2 Er3+ top laser degree with a reduced (2-3 ms) lifetime of 4I11/2 Er3+ level that continues to be in resonance with Yb3+ 2F5/2 discharged upstate. Quick non-radiative multi-phonon recreation from 4I11/2 to 4I13/2 degree considerably lowers the back-energy transfer and also up-conversion losses due to the communication between Yb3+ and also Er3+ ions, delighted at the 2F5/2 in addition to the 4I11/2 levels, specifically.
Essentially continually, erbium-ytterbium-doped phosphate glass is pumped with wavelengths around the 975-nm absorption elevation of Yb3+ ions. That causes the excitation of the ytterbium ions. Afterward, Yb ions may move the excitation power to neighbor erbium ions. After a reliable power transfer, one preliminary has an Er3+ ion in the 4I11/2 state (even more specifically, a Stark level manifold), which has similar excitation energy as the Yb3+ ions. From that state, the ions generally undergo a quick non-radiative shift to the state 4I13/2, on a regular basis made use of as the leading laser level. Such non-radiative modifications take place based upon multi-phonon discharge, supplied that the phonon power of the item is high and appropriate (which holds for silica fibers, for example).
(4) Application of Er, Yb: glass
Er, glass is also an exceptional item for upconversion luminescence. Laser got the green as well as a red laser from erbium-doped glass fiber, and also people also observed violet upconversion light. The upconversion luminescence of Er: phosphate glass delighted by Nd: YAG was checked out. The upconversion laser will definitely be truly functional in great deals of applications
Er, glass is a pure three-level laser device. Due to this, it needs to pump nearly all the energized glass components. The non-pumped areas provide laser light absorption losses. When it comes to the traditional post setup, the non-pumped rod needs to be as brief as viable
The optical excitation of the Yb, Er glasses (especially chromium-free ones) takes place mainly utilizing Yb ions. The only Yb absorption band lies in the near-infrared spectral range (900– 1000 nm). Water termination in this spectral variety is 1 cm-1. Because of this, Er glass can dramatically reduce the water-cooled laser performance due to pump light absorption in the water layer bordering the flashlamp as well as the laser pole.
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